The Beliefs of the People at Qumran an Example of the Topic Literature Essays by

The Beliefs of the People at Qumran The writers also display a belief on the second coming of the Messiah such as the Rule of the Congregation or Messianic Rule and in the Temple Scroll of an era immediately preceding the Messianic age. For he will honour the devout upon the throne of eternal royalty, freeing prisoners, giving sight to the blind, straightening out the twisted. Ever shall I cling to those who hope. In his mercy he will judge, and from no-one shall the fruit (of) good deeds be delayed, and the Lord will perform marvelous acts such as have not existed, just as he said for he will heal the badly wounded and will make the dead live, he will proclaim good news to the meek give lavishly to the needy, lead the exiled and enrich the hungry. (DSS: 4Q521 II 713) People Usually Tell EssayLab support: How much do I have to pay someone to make my essay today? Specialists advise: Writing Essay Papers Is Easier With Us English Essays For Sale Essays Online For College Cheapest Essay Writing Service Cheap Essays Not Plagiarized This sums up the role of the Messiah according to the Qumran texts that portray the Messianic prophecy and the work the Messiah has to do. Apart from the prediction of a promised Messiah, Ringgrens theory of Messianism is borne out of a king ideology concerning the relationship of Israel to the world. A point of contention is supplied by Bentzen (1970:48) that interpreted the above passage as less soluble if scholastic reviews will ever arrive at an answer relating to the church itself. Need essay sample on "The Beliefs of the People at Qumran" topic? We will write a custom essay sample specifically for you Proceed You, O God of our fathers, we bless your name forever! We are a people...You have established a covenant with our fathers and confirmed it with their descendants through the appointed times of eternity. In all your glorious fixed times there was a memorial of your...in our midst for the help of the remnant and the preservation of your covenant...Who is like you according to power, O God of Israel! (The War Scroll 13: 7-8, 13) Ringgren (1963: 60-67)also provided that God has given a special illumination to the Teacher of Righteousness to find in the scriptures the true and hidden meanings which emphasizes the events at the Qumran community: to the Teacher of Righteousness, God made known all the mysteries of the words of his servants. that righteousness have been predetermined to a life according to Gods will, whereas punishment befalls the wicked because they themselves have done what is evil. In Ringgren this indicates that punishment is an important act and appropriate for wickedness (1963: 73-74). This also asserts a reference that the Qumran society are controlled by disciplinary laws and committed to a sectarian self-definition with possibility of disobedience within its ranks. Philosophy of the group The writers of the Dead Sea Scrolls are apparently a conservative group within Judaism who believed in a sovereign being and are deeply monotheistic. The organization of this group is tight which appears to refer to a male celibate group that could more or less be related to the Essenes, in general for the practice of celibacy or sexual abstinence is a preparation for encounter with God that is considered as an extension of the rules for priestly purity to the whole community. From the God of Knowledge comes all that is and shall be. Before ever they existed He established their whole design, and when, as ordained for them, they come into being, it is in accord with His glorious design that they accomplish their task without change. The laws of all things are in His hand and He provides them with all their needs. He has created man to govern the world, and has appointed for him two spirits in which to walk until the time of His visitation: the spirits of truth and injustice. Those born of truth spring from a fountain of light, but those born of injustice sprint from a source of darkness. All the children of righteousness are ruled by the Prince of Light and walk in the way of light, but all the children of injustice are ruled by the Angel of Darkness and walk in the ways of darkness. (DSS: 1QS 3:15-21) The text provides an insight of the beliefs of the congregation as an organization that strives to maintain a tight disciplinary regime (Davies, Brooke and Callaway: 2002; 89). Josephus, without endorsing the Essenes as the writers of the Dead Sea Scrolls stated that the Essenes believed in the decree of fate and view predestination as a belief in Fate. For him there were three schools of thought among the Jews, that of the Pharisees, Sadducees and Essenes. The Pharisees believe that certain events are the work of fate but not everything; the Sadducees do not want anything to do with fate as human actions are not according to fate; while the Essenes declare that fate is responsible for all things(Antiquities 13:171-173). ...the sect of the Essenes affirms that fate governs all things, and that nothing befalls men but what is according to its determination.(Flavius Josephus, Antiquities of the Jews, Bk XIII, Ch V, Sn 9) Although there is no discernible pattern in this arrangement of the Hymns, these poems stress also the lowliness of humans compared to the power of God and Gods plans for the future spinning out the groups view in predestination. You alone did [create] the just and establish him from the womb for the time of goodwill, that he might listen to your covenant and walk in all your ways, and that [You might show Yourself great] to him in the multitude of Your mercies, and enlarge his straight soul to eternal salvation, to perpetual and unfailing peace. You will raise up his glory from among flesh. But the wicked You did create for [the time] of Your [wrath], You did set them aside for the day of slaughter, for they have walked in a path which is not good. They have despised Your covenant and their souls have loathed your [truth]; they have taken no delight in all Your commandments and have chosen that which You hate. For according to the mysteries of Your wisdom, You have ordained them for great chastisements before the eyes of all Your creatures, that [for all] eternity they may serve as a sign [and a wonder] and that all men may know Your glory and Your tremendous power. (1QH 7:14-21) Davies (2002:92) also pointed out this scroll as recognition of an explicit war between good and evil that is clearly linked with 1QS I 7-9 which proves the coherence that amplifies the Qumran laws in rational sequence on their beliefs of predestination. The groups strict and moderate views of predestination, is determinedly expressed in the Rule of Community, War Scroll and Thanksgiving Hymns. This distinguishes their doctrines that cannot be traced with any Jewish group except most probably the Essenes (Josephus, Antiquities 13.171-173). Moreover, there is another order of Essenes, who agree with the rest as to their way of living, and customs, and laws, but differ from them in the point of marriage, as thinking that by not marrying they cut off the principal part of human life, which is the prospect of succession; nay, rather, that if all men should be of the same opinion, the whole race of mankind would fail. However, they try their spouses for three years; and if they find that they have their natural purgations thrice, as trials that they are likely to be fruitful, they then actually marry them. But they do not use to accompany with their wives when they are with child, as a demonstration that they do not many out of regard to pleasure, but for the sake of posterity. Now the women go into the baths with some of their garments on, as the men do with somewhat girded about them. (Josephus, War of the Jews, II, VIII, Sn 13) In comparison with other groups, existent during the period, the Essene practice most likely coincides as the writers of the Dead Sea Scrolls. The internal factors point out to their belief in predestination and in the afterlife. Among the other existing Jewish sects of the period, the Essenes were the only ones who do not use oil; careful about bodily functions and practiced celibacy. Josephus and Pliny and the Jewish philosopher Philo all describe the Essenes as celibate which is their most arresting trait. Though the scrolls contain no command to be celibate; on the contrary, numerous passages presuppose the opposite, that the group members will be married (Wise, Abegg, Jr.and Cook, p.24). With all the beliefs they writers of the Dead Sea Scrolls place great importance on the priesthood and the temple, for the Qumran texts, righteousness and knowledge will conquer the world wiping out all forms of evil. Although the texts provided that true sages are patient and focus on the eternal secrets and roots of wisdom in contrast to magicians and soothsayers, the text provided for a group of selected individuals to govern the law for the group as an authority for the community. In the Community council (there shall be) twelve men and three priests, perfect in everything that has been revealed about all the law to implement truth, justice, judgment, compassionate love and unassuming behavior of each person to his fellow to preserve faithfulness on the earth with firm purpose and repentant spirit in order to atone for sin, doing justice and undergoing trials in order to walk with everyone in the measure of truth and the regulation of time. (DSS: 1QS VIII 14) In its entirety, the sacred texts provided by the Qumran community enables us to understand religion and its perspectives without necessarily providing an argument for Christianity and Judaism. The teaching of both religion corresponds to the written texts by the Qumran that calls for a unification of all religion and beliefs. Works Cited Ringgren, Helmer.(1962). The Faith of Qumran: Theology of the Dead Sea Scrolls. Philadelphia: Fortress press. Wise, Michael, Abegg, Jr., Martin and Cook, Edward. (1996). The Dead Sea Scrolls: A New Translation. Canada: Harper Collins. Josephus, Flavius, & Whiston, William. (trans.).(2001). The Antiquities of the Jews. New York, Globusz Publishing. Josephus, Flavius. War of the Jews. Bentzen, Aage, Anderson, G.W.(eds).(1970). King and Messiah, 2d. ed. London: Lutterworth Press. Davies,Philip, Brooke, George and Callaway, Phillip.(2002).The Complete World of the Dead Sea Scrolls. New York: Thames and Hudson. Martinez, Florentino Garcia, & Watson, Wilfred, G.E. (trans.). (1996). The Dead Sea Scrolls Translated: The Qumran Texts in English. Wm. B. Eerdmans Publishing.

Trace the development of Willie Mossop Essays

Trace the development of Willie Mossop Essays Trace the development of Willie Mossop Essay Trace the development of Willie Mossop Essay Trace the development of Willie Mossop throughout the course of the play. Include the relevant points from each act and try to back up your points with quotations from the text. Hobsons Choice is set in a Bootmakers shop in Victorian England. At this time women were not thought as equals to men and women were not thought to be business-like, but this play defies these facts, as Hobsons daughter, Maggie, a middle class businesswoman runs, the shop and is full of ambition. She certainly knows what she wants in life but this is not what you would expect for a stereotypical Victorian woman. Willie Mossop, Hobsons boothand is quite the opposite from Maggie, as at the beginning of the play Willie is a weak character, very unambitious, very content man. Willie is uneducated, he cannot read or write as he is only a working class citizen, but all this soon changes. Throughout the play we see Willies character develop into an educated business-like man full of ambition, and this is down to Maggie, as she notices his potential and marries him. At the end of the play we see Willie as a definitely changed man, in every respect possible. At the very beginning of Act 1 the audience notices Willies potential when Mrs Hepworth enters the shop. Mrs Hepworth is one of Hobsons upper class customers. Mrs Heoworth humiliates Hobson who assumes she has come to complain about the boots that Willie made, when she asks to see the person who made them. But Hobson is a far cry from right as she actually comes to praise Willie, Mossop, Ive tried every shop in Manchester and these are the best pair of boots I have ever had. From now on, you will make my boots in future Not only does this show Willies potential it also shows how uneducated he is, as when Mrs Hepworth later gives him a card to contact her if he ever leaves Hobsons, he cannot read it.

Change your daily routine and find happiness

Change your daily routine and find happiness It’s a new year, and like most of us you’re probably eager to get it started off on the right foot- which might include figuring out how to increase your daily happiness. After all, life is short and no one wants to spend their days needlessly unhappy, especially when you can make a few easy life adjustments to get you smiling again. Even making some small tweaks to your daily routine can make a world of difference. Is your usual routine relaxed and well organized, setting you up for a positive and productive day? Or is it more chaotic and anxious, setting you up for uncertainty and a greater likelihood that things will go wrong? Setting your day off on the wrong foot- and keeping it there with the wrong daily routine- is a clear recipe for unhappiness.Inc. recently published an article  that highlighted 7 easy-to-implement changes that you can make to your daily routine that can improve your overall mood, productivity, and health- key components of lasting and sustai ned happiness. Use the strategies presented here to make positive changes to your daily routine and increase your level of happiness.Write down your thoughts and feelings.Keeping a small notebook or journal to jot down your daily thoughts and feelings can make a world of difference. Not only is it an excellent way to calmly work through the tangle of ideas that continually fight for primacy in our crowded brains, it’s a good way to slow life down for a bit, relax, and allow some quiet time for thoughtful reflection. Beyond this, it’s also a good way to ensure that you don’t forget things, which can really ruin your day.Chat with a fellow commuter.Many of us go through significant portions of our day feeling isolated and disconnected from the world around us, which can be a real recipe for routine unhappiness. Forging a new, meaningful connection with someone you encounter each day- like a fellow commuter- can help reconnect you to the world at large, and with an y luck you’ll make a meaningful and lasting friendship. Who wouldn’t be happy about that?Take a beautiful photo on your way to work.When we get stuck in a rut, we become desensitized to things around us as we mechanically go through the motions of our daily routine. When we can no longer recognize the beauty in the world, it becomes increasingly difficult to stay happy. Do yourself a favor- take a moment to stop and find something beautiful around you each day and take a photo, which will serve as a lasting reminder that life is filled with wonderful moments. Chances are, those photos will make you smile whenever you look at them.Plan something joyful for tomorrow.In many ways, humans are predictable creatures- we feel happy when we have something to look forward to. Take advantage of this quirk of human nature by taking time each day to plan something joyful for tomorrow. It doesn’t have to be something big; even a small bit of future happiness can bring a smil e to our faces. Give it a try.Set one goal for the day.People also feel good when they achieve goals they set for themselves. Each day, set one achievable goal for yourself- and make sure you give an honest effort towards achieving it. Once again, the size of the goal isn’t the main thing here; even achieving a modest goal that you set for yourself can bring you a measure of happiness, not to mention help make your day productive.Consider outsourcing a chore.Life is full of responsibilities that we as adults must devote our time and energy to each day- whether we want to do them or not. That said, there are some chores in our lives that we don’t necessarily have to do ourselves. Try letting yourself off the hook for a chore you can just as easily pass along to someone else. Chances are, you’ll breathe a small sigh of relief and have a little extra time for something that makes you happy.List something you appreciate.Although it’s easy to take the good thi ngs in our lives for granted at times, it gets much harder to do so when we write them down. Try thinking of something you’re grateful for each day and write it down. The act of doing so can really solidify its importance and can serve as a powerful, tangible reminder that there are things in life worth being happy about.There you have it- ideas you can incorporate into your daily routine to make your life a little brighter. It may take a little effort, but isn’t your happiness worth it?

The common law and equity systems of jurisprudence Essay

The common law and equity systems of jurisprudence - Essay Example The other contribution of equity law was supplementation of common law with such concepts as injunctive relief, the trust and specific performance. The Chancellor implemented the policy of the Statute of Laborers and made decisions concerning occupational competency like negligent activity of carriers, builders, shepherds, etc. The inability of the common law to address damages due to faulty work resulted in the Chancellor’s competence in the issues of loss of wool, dead lambs, and damaged sheep. (Reilly) The majority of suits reviewed in equity court were disputes over land property involving family members. The case was initiated by the plaintiff who filed a bill of complaint which is a petition to the chancellor or an equity court. The answer followed from the defendant. The plaintiff continued with a replication while the defender answered with a rejoinder. This pleading process might continue further or may be finished a bill filing stage. In the equity court the main evidence was not an oral testimony but a written deposition based on interrogatories. (Wikipedia) The Chancellor performed the roles of both a judge and jury. So he had the right to decide cases without a jury. Unlike the common law, the Chancellor as a judge and often as a religious person relied on circumstances of cases and his conscience but not to a set of rules. Term "equitable claim" contains broad moral sense based upon general equitable considerations rather than a strict meaning of the claim involving consideration of principles of right and justice. (Equity)

Subway Franchise Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Subway Franchise - Essay Example Furthermore, it provides incremental income for the franchisor through royalty payments. Another advantage of the franchise concept is that it makes possible a faster expansion program for the franchisor supported by motivated distributors in the person of the franchisees (Om Sai Ram Center for Financial Management Research, 2006). The franchisees stand to benefit too from a franchise agreement. The franchisee gets to experience entrepreneurial autonomy using a proven concept, often with extensive recognition of the brand name (Om Sai Ram Center for Financial Management Research, 2006). The franchisee also benefits from the training programs provided by the franchisor, coupled with continuing supervision of the store. Although there are advantages to owning a franchise, franchisees are faced with disadvantages too. Decision-making is quite limited since the franchisee should follow the guidelines set by the franchisor (Om Sai Ram Center for Financial Management Research, 2006). In te rms of purchasing, the franchisee is forced to purchase supplies and equipment from the franchisor even if they are more expensive compared to other sources. They cannot carry other products and they must adhere to the quality standards of the franchisor. Moreover, most franchise agreements are skewed towards the franchisor. ... The three (3) resources that helped one decide which franchise to operate are: A. â€Å"View From the Top† by Nichole L. Torres (2005). This article delves into the reasons why Subway has been consistently in the top franchise list. It talks about how Subway values their franchisees, always making sure that they grow their market share. The article also points out that the entrepreneurial spirit of Subway’s franchises is a major strength of the company. B. â€Å"Subway Hits the Spot† by Dennis Romero (2009). The article discusses the attractiveness of owning a Subway franchise. It tells about how Subway has survived the economic downturn and how this downturn has helped boost its sales. The article points out that one strength of Subway is the upward flow of ideas from its franchisees. C. â€Å"Top 100 Global Franchises Ranking† by Franchise Direct (2012). This site was helpful in helping one decide which franchise to choose. It presented a list of the top 100 global franchises. It gave information about the initial investment needed to obtain the Subway franchise. It also showed that Subway occupies the number one spot in the Top 100 Global Franchises. It presented the support services that one can expect from a Subway franchise. These three resources have influenced one from choosing the Subway franchise. They have given an overview of how the Subway company operates. The articles discuss the strengths of the company and the reasons why it has survived despite the economic slowdown. The reports have extensive information about Subway’s success formula. Choosing a Subway franchise has several advantages. Foremost among this is that Subway is one of the world’s largest restaurant chains. Subway is a very popular brand all over the world; thus, it would not be

Historical Background To Animal Farm :: Animal Farm Essays

Karl Marx was a German scholar who lived in the nineteenth century. He spent most of his life studying, thinking and writing about history and economics. A many years of study, much of it spent in England, he believed that he understood more deeply than anyone who had ever lived before him why there is injustice in the world.He said that all injustice and inequality is a result of one underlying conflict in society. He called it a 'class struggle', that is, a conflict bet the class of people who can afford to own money- producing businesses, whom he called 'capitalists' or 'the bourgeosie', and the class of people who do not surplus money to buy businesses and who are therefore forced to work for wage whom he called 'workers'.Marx said that, because it was always in the economic interest of capita to take advantage of or 'exploit' workers, nothing could persuade capitalists change their ways. In other words, peaceful progess toward equality and socia justice was impossible. The only way to establish justice, he said, was for t workers to overthrow the capitalists by means of violent revolution. He urged workers around the world to revolt against their rulers. "Workers of the worl unite!" he wrote. "You have nothing to lose but your chains."Another thing Marx taught was that organized religion, the churches, help capitalists to keep the workers quiet and obedient. Religion, according to Mar 'the opiate of the masses'. The church tells working people to forget about th injustice they meet in their lives and to think instead of how wonderful it wi in the after- life when they go to heaven.Marx, with his colleague, Engels, spread his ideas in two famous books, Capital' and 'The Communist Manifesto'.In the early years of the twentieth century, Russia was ready for the ide Marx. The Russian people were extremely discontented with their ruler, Tsar Nicholas II, who had little interest in governing and was neglecting the count badly. Making conditions even more miserable for the people were the hardships the First World War and a particularly cold winter.By 1917, the Russian people were desperate enough to accept a revolution. fact, they got two for the price of one, the first in March when the Tsar was deposed and a provisional government was set up. Then in November a political called the Bolsheviks led a further rebellion which ousted the provisional government.

Grade 10 History Notes Essay

The Canadians had to take over the ridge which was located on the Douai plain, in France, and was in control by the Germans * To take over the ride it was split into 5 parts| * This was the high point of Canadian military * The use of â€Å"creeping barrage† allowed the ridge to be taken over quickly * The battle was short * Years later they made a memorial to commemorate the 11,000+ soldiers who died at Vimy ridge. | The Halifax Explosion| * This took place when two ships that had explosive materials aboard, they collided while pulling out of the port * This explosion ruined about 1. km of land mass| * Left many Canadians dead or blind * Damaged the economy * Later months when the war ended, the port was not ready to take ships which was also a factor that delayed the soldiers from returning| Life in the Trenches| * Horrible, the trenches were filled with rats and lice * Soldiers were always cold, soaking wet, and hungry * Trenches were uneven and intricate| * Soldiers were r eally messed up by the life in the trenches. The content gunfire caused soldiers to develop a mental illness known as â€Å"shell shock† * They could develop trench foot which was the rotting and swelling of flesh| Women and World War One| * Men that left for the war, left families and jobs behind * Women took the jobs of the men because they needed to provide for a family * Other women were war nurses| * Without the women urging the war years, the factory industry would have died. Sparked the feminist movement * Women thrived in fields such as journalism, social work and nutrition| * A short term cause of world war one included Archduke Franz Ferdinand’s trip to Sarajevo * Britain, France, Canada and Russia were all members of the triple entente * Contributing factors to the failure of the schlieffen plan are Russia mobilized more swiftly than expected, the British sent their army to France to defend the channel ports, the Belgian forces put up much strong resistance than expected, and the French were able to gather reinforcements in the time to prevent Paris from falling * In 1914, many people felt that the great war would all be over by Christmas * Both sides on the western front built trenches to protect themselves from attack, to prepare for counterattack, to provide safe communications for supply lines, and to prevent being outmanoeuvred by the enemy * Most Canadians were happy to be involved with WW1 because many Canadians had been born in Britain or were British descent * Dreadnoughts was not a technological advance that caused horrific causalities * The only important naval battle of world war one was the battle of Jutland * Lord Kitchener was an important British general * Income tax was introduced by prime minister burdens government as a temporary measure to help pay for the hu ge costs of war * The Zimmerman telegram, the sinking of the Lusitania in 1915,and German unrestricted submarine warfare were all reasons for the USA joining the war in 1917 * Mata Hari was a double agent in WW1 for Germany and French * The Treaty of Versailles was signed in 1919 One of the clauses of the treaty of Versailles mention reparations which was a means of payment for land destruction * A positive outcome of the technology developed during the great war was the use of gas to kill unwanted predatory animals * Poland, Yugoslavia, Czechoslovakia and irag were countries made by the treaty of Versailles * The Canadian government delayed the return of their soldiers until spring 1919 because of the winter weather, Canadians troops helped to occupy parts of Germany, and limited number of ships at the time. * After war measures included income tax, department of health and pensions for the returning soldiers Unit Two: Canada and the 1920’s + 1930’s Term | Definition| Significance| Flapper| A young fashionable women| * Brought new styles (bob haircuts, above the knee dresses) * They pushed the boundaries by staying out late , smoking and swearing. These women helped with the feminism movement during this time| Group of seven| A group of Canadian painters| * Inspired later Canadian artists such as Emily Carr * These artists painted Canadian Landscape, and now ar e very famous now, to own a painting is to own a part of Canadian history| Roaring Twenties| A time of prosperity for Canada | * Feminism movement allowed women to vote and led to later movements in the 1960s * Music, dances and slang words led to the quick development of agriculture * Everyone was niave in a sense that they believed the amazing prosperity of the twenties could last forever, it all came to a crashing end when the great depression began in the late 1920s| Prohibition| The ban of alcohol in a certain country or city.